Evaluation of the Intraoperative Blood Flow of Pedicled Perforator Flaps Using Indocyanine Green-fluorescence Angiography

Evaluation of the Intraoperative Blood Flow of Pedicled Perforator Flaps Using Indocyanine Green-fluorescence Angiography

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Background:.Although indocyanine-green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) has been established as a useful tool to assess perfusion in free tissue transfer, only few studies have applied this modality to pedicled perforator stedy stand aid flaps.As both volume and reach of pedicled perforator flaps are limited and tip necrosis often equals complete flap failure, ICG-FA may help to detect hypoperfusion in pedicled flaps.Methods:.In 5 patients, soft tissue reconstruction was achieved with pedicled perforator flaps.

ICG-FA was utilized intraoperatively to visualize flap perfusion.Results:.Three pedicled anterolateral thigh flap flaps and 2 propeller flaps were transferred.ICG-FA detected hypoperfusion in 2 flaps.No flap loss occurred; in 2 cases, prolonged wound healing was encountered.

Conclusions:.ICG-FA confirmed clinical findings and reliably detected tissue areas with hypoperfusion.A science can solar system planetary electronic projector w/ 3 viewing discs clear cut-off point between nonvital tissue and such that stabilized in the following clinical course could not be found.ICG-FA is a promising technology which could also be used in pedicled perforator flaps.